U Rwanda ruzakira Inama ya 38 y’Ibihugu byasinye amasezerano ya Montreal agamije kubungabunga akayunguruzo k’Imirasire y’Izuba (MOP38). Iyi nama izaba kuva ku wa 2 kugeza ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 2026 i Kigali, ikazahuza abahagarariye za guverinoma z’ibihugu, imiryango mpuzamahanga, impuguke, abashakashatsi n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo baganire ku ngamba zihuriwe n’ibihugu mu kurengera akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

U Rwanda rugiye kwakira iyi nama nyuma y’imyaka 10 ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ribereye i Kigali (Kigali Amendment) mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira 2016.

Ibihugu byemeje iryo vugurura ryabereye i Kigali bisabwa kugabanya buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire bya “hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)”, ibi bikaba ari imyuka mbumbatirabushyuhe yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere bikanagira ingaruka ku kayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba. Ibyo binyabutabire bikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bikonjesha nka firigo n’ibitanga ubuhehere mu nyubako. 

Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikubiye mu ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali, bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw’isi bugabanywa ku kigero cya dogere selisiyusi 0.5 (0.5°C) kugeza mu mpera z’iki kinyejana. Guhagarika ikoreshwa ry’izo gaz zangiza bizabyara inyungu mu buryo bubiri, harimo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi no kuzigama ingufu z’amashanyarazi, kuko ibikoresho bikoresha gazi zitangiza binakoresha ingufu nke z’amashanyarazi.

Inama ya MOP38 izaba ari urubuga o rwo gusuzumiramo intambwe imaze guterwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa ivugururwa ry’ayo masezerano ryabereye i Kigali, ndetse no kongera imbaraga mu gushishikariza ibihugu byose kwemeza iryo vugurura no gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zaryo.

Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije, Dr. Bernadette Arakwiye yagize ati:

“U Rwanda rwishimiye kongera kwakira ibihugu by’amahanga i Kigali, nyuma y’imyaka icumi bihuriye hano bikemeza Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal. Inama ya MOP38 ni umwanya wo kurebera hamwe intambwe imaze guterwa, ari na ko hasuzumwa ibindi bikenewe gukorwa kugira ngo ibyo twiyemeje bishyirwe mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye.”

“Ibi bisobanuye gukomeza kuva ku ikoreshwa ry’imyuka mbumbatirabushyuhe ya HFCs, kunoza uburyo bwo gukonjesha butangiza,, kugeza serivisi zo gukonjesha mu buryo burambye ku bantu benshi, no gushishikariza ibihugu byose kwemeza ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali. Ibi bikozwe byatanga umusaruro mu mu kurengera ikirere, kuzigama ibiribwa, kunoza serivisi z’ubuvuzi no guteza imbere ubukungu.”

Amasezerano ya Montreal afatwa nk’amwe mu masezerano arengera ibidukikije yageze ku musaruro ushimishije kurusha andi ku isi. Yatumye byinshi mu binyabutabire byangiza akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba byakoreshwaga ku isi bihagarikwa, bituma akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba kari karangiritse gatangira kwisubiranya.

Binyuze mu Ivugururwa rya Kigali, aya masezerano yanagize uruhare rukomeye mu ngamba mpuzamahanga zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Mu gihe abakenera serivisi zo gukonjesha bakomeje kwiyongera, gukoresha gazi zitongera ubushyuhe ku isi ndetse no gukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke, bishobora kugabanya imyuka mbumbatirabushyuhe kandi bikagabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi abantu bakoresha n’ikiguzi kizitakaraho.

Megumi Seki, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe kurengera akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’Izuba (Ozone Secretariat), yagize ati:

“Amasezerano ya Montreal yagaragaje urugero rw’ibishoboka iyo habayeho ubufatanye mpuzamahanga o. Nyuma y’imyaka icumi Ivugururwa ry’aya masezerano ryemerejwe i Kigali, kugaruka i Kigali biha ibihugu byaryemeje umwanya wo gusuzuma intambwe imaze guterwa no kurushaho kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo mu yindi myaka icumi iri imbere.”

“Gukomeza kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imyuka mbumbatirabushyhe ya HFCs, kunoza imikoreshereze y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi no guharanira ko ibihugu byose byemeza bikanatangira gushyira mu bikorwa ibiteganywa mu Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano rya Kigali bizagira akamaro cyane mu kugera kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Muri iyi nama, twizeye kuzakorana neza n’u Rwanda n’ibihugu byose byasinye ayo masezerano.”

Ibizibandwaho muri iyi Nama

Uretse ibiganiro n’imishyikirano bizaranga iyi nama, u Rwanda rwateguye ibikorwa bizibanda ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano, guhanga udushya n’ibijyanye no gukonjesha mu buryo burambye.

Mu bikorwa biiteganyijwe harimo:

• Amahugurwa azabera mu Kigo Nyafurika cy’Indashyikirwa mu Gukonjesha mu buryo Burambye (ACES) azibanda ku ikoranabuhanga, kongerera ubumenyi abari mu rwego rwo gukonjesha, ndetse no guteza imbere uburyo bwo kubika no gutwara ibicuruzwa hifashishijwe uburyo bukonjesha hagamijwegushyigikira Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal ryabereye i Kigali.
• Ibikorwa byo kwizihiza imyaka 10 y’Ivugururwa ry’amasezerano rya Kigali no gutekereza ku bindi bikorwa bizakorwa mu bindi byiciro by’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iryo vugururwa.
• Imurikabikorwa ry’udushya rizabera kuri Kigali Convention Centre, herekanwa ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha ritangiza ikirere, rikazahuriza hamwe abanyenganda zikora ibikoresho bikonjesha, abaterankunga n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere.
• Ihuriro ry’abafatanyabikorwa rizibanda ku kuganira ku hazaza h’Amasezerano ya Montreal.

Ibi bikorwa bizatanga urubuga rwo kuganira ku ngamba zikubiye mu Masezerano ya Montreal n’ivugururwa ryayo ryabereye i Kigali, ikoranabuhanga, ishoramari n’ubufatanye bikenewe kugira ngo ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano bishyirwe mu bikorwa.

Biteganyijwe ko Inama ya 38 y’Ibihugu byasinye amasezerano ya Montreal izitabirwa n’abantu basaga 1000.

Ku Bindi Bisobanuro

• Stephanie Egger Haysmith, Communications & Public Information, Montreal Protocol Ozone Secretariat, stephanie.haysmith@un.org. 
• Basile Uwimana, Communications and Outreach Specialist, Ministry of Environment, buwimana@environment.gov.rw. 
• Cyprien Ngendahimana, Communications Specialist, Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), cngendahimana@rema.gov.rw.